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In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, Share 2023
The in vitro fertilization (IVF) banking services market is experiencing significant surge in demand with the growing rate of infertility around the world.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service. This report contains market size and forecasts of In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service in global, including the following market information:
Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2030, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Egg Banking Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service include The World Egg Bank, MyEggBank, Fairfax Cryo Bank, Cryos International, European Sperm Bank, Seattle Sperm Bank, CCRM?s network and Boston IVF?s network, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Egg Banking
Sperm Banking
Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Hospitals
ASCs
Specialty Clinics
Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions)
Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
The World Egg Bank
MyEggBank
Fairfax Cryo Bank
Cryos International
European Sperm Bank
Seattle Sperm Bank
CCRM?s network
Boston IVF?s network
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
| Report Attributes |
Report Details |
| Report Title |
In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2030 |
| Historical Year |
2018 to 2022 (Data from 2010 can be provided as per availability) |
| Base Year |
2022 |
| Forecast Year |
2030 |
| Number of Pages |
68 Pages |
| Customization Available |
Yes, the report can be customized as per your need. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Overall Market Size
2.1 Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Egg Banking
4.1.3 Sperm Banking
4.2 By Type - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Hospitals
5.1.3 ASCs
5.1.4 Specialty Clinics
5.2 By Application - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2018-2030
6.3.2 US In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.3 Canada In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.4 Mexico In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 Germany In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.3 France In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 U.K. In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Italy In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.6 Russia In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.8 Benelux In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 China In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Japan In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 South Korea In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 India In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 Brazil In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.3 Argentina In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 Turkey In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Israel In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.5 UAE In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size, 2018-2030
7 In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Companies Profiles
7.1 The World Egg Bank
7.1.1 The World Egg Bank Company Summary
7.1.2 The World Egg Bank Business Overview
7.1.3 The World Egg Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 The World Egg Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 The World Egg Bank Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 MyEggBank
7.2.1 MyEggBank Company Summary
7.2.2 MyEggBank Business Overview
7.2.3 MyEggBank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 MyEggBank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 MyEggBank Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Fairfax Cryo Bank
7.3.1 Fairfax Cryo Bank Company Summary
7.3.2 Fairfax Cryo Bank Business Overview
7.3.3 Fairfax Cryo Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Fairfax Cryo Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Fairfax Cryo Bank Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Cryos International
7.4.1 Cryos International Company Summary
7.4.2 Cryos International Business Overview
7.4.3 Cryos International In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Cryos International In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Cryos International Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 European Sperm Bank
7.5.1 European Sperm Bank Company Summary
7.5.2 European Sperm Bank Business Overview
7.5.3 European Sperm Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 European Sperm Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 European Sperm Bank Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Seattle Sperm Bank
7.6.1 Seattle Sperm Bank Company Summary
7.6.2 Seattle Sperm Bank Business Overview
7.6.3 Seattle Sperm Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Seattle Sperm Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Seattle Sperm Bank Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 CCRM?s network
7.7.1 CCRM?s network Company Summary
7.7.2 CCRM?s network Business Overview
7.7.3 CCRM?s network In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 CCRM?s network In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 CCRM?s network Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Boston IVF?s network
7.8.1 Boston IVF?s network Company Summary
7.8.2 Boston IVF?s network Business Overview
7.8.3 Boston IVF?s network In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Boston IVF?s network In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Boston IVF?s network Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service in Global Market
Table 5. Top In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 30. The World Egg Bank Company Summary
Table 31. The World Egg Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Product Offerings
Table 32. The World Egg Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. The World Egg Bank Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. MyEggBank Company Summary
Table 35. MyEggBank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Product Offerings
Table 36. MyEggBank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. MyEggBank Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Fairfax Cryo Bank Company Summary
Table 39. Fairfax Cryo Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Product Offerings
Table 40. Fairfax Cryo Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Fairfax Cryo Bank Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Cryos International Company Summary
Table 43. Cryos International In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Product Offerings
Table 44. Cryos International In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Cryos International Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. European Sperm Bank Company Summary
Table 47. European Sperm Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Product Offerings
Table 48. European Sperm Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. European Sperm Bank Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Seattle Sperm Bank Company Summary
Table 51. Seattle Sperm Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Product Offerings
Table 52. Seattle Sperm Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Seattle Sperm Bank Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. CCRM?s network Company Summary
Table 55. CCRM?s network In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Product Offerings
Table 56. CCRM?s network In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. CCRM?s network Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Boston IVF?s network Company Summary
Table 59. Boston IVF?s network In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Product Offerings
Table 60. Boston IVF?s network In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Boston IVF?s network Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. US In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 17. Canada In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 18. Mexico In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. Germany In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. France In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. U.K. In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 23. Italy In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Russia In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. Benelux In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. China In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Japan In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. South Korea In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. India In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 34. Brazil In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. Argentina In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. Turkey In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Israel In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. UAE In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. The World Egg Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. MyEggBank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Fairfax Cryo Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Cryos International In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. European Sperm Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Seattle Sperm Bank In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. CCRM?s network In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Boston IVF?s network In Vitro Fertilization Banking Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
