MARKET INSIGHTS

Global Pneumatic Ratchet Wrench market size was valued at USD 823.5 million in 2025. The market is projected to grow from USD 854.7 million in 2026 to USD 1.15 billion by 2034, exhibiting a CAGR of 3.8% during the forecast period.

A pneumatic ratchet wrench is a vital air-powered hand tool used to tighten or loosen fasteners, primarily nuts and bolts. Its defining feature is a ratcheting mechanism that allows the socket to be turned in one direction while moving freely in the opposite, making it exceptionally efficient for working in confined spaces where a full swing of a standard wrench is impossible. These tools are indispensable in the automotive repair, industrial maintenance, and heavy equipment sectors because they significantly reduce the time and physical effort required for assembly and disassembly tasks, leading to substantial labor cost savings.

The market's steady growth is largely attributed to the persistent expansion of the global automotive industry and the rising demand for efficient maintenance operations in manufacturing and construction. However, the increasing adoption of electric and cordless ratchet tools presents a competitive challenge. Nonetheless, the superior power-to-weight ratio and durability of pneumatic models ensure their continued dominance in high-cycle industrial applications. The 3/8-inch drive segment remains the most popular, offering an optimal balance of size, torque, and accessibility for a wide range of tasks.

MARKET DYNAMICS

MARKET DRIVERS

Robust Growth in Automotive Aftermarket and Repair Services to Propel Demand

The global automotive aftermarket is a primary engine for the pneumatic ratchet wrench market, driven by the sheer volume of vehicles in operation and their ongoing maintenance needs. With an estimated global vehicle parc exceeding 1.5 billion units, the demand for repair and service tools remains consistently high. The complexity of modern vehicle assemblies, especially in engine bays and undercarriages, necessitates specialized tools for efficient disassembly and reassembly. Pneumatic ratchet wrenches, known for their compact head design and ability to operate in confined spaces, are indispensable in professional garages and service centers. The trend towards do-it-for-me (DIFM) services, where consumers prefer professional repairs, further solidifies this demand. Furthermore, the average age of light vehicles in key markets like the United States has reached approximately 12.5 years, indicating a sustained need for maintenance and repair work, directly translating to steady tool consumption.

Industrial Manufacturing and MRO Activities Underpin Sustained Market Expansion

Beyond automotive, the broader industrial sector is a critical driver. Pneumatic ratchet wrenches are vital for maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) activities across manufacturing plants, energy facilities, and heavy machinery. The push for operational efficiency and minimized downtime in industries such as aerospace, shipbuilding, and heavy equipment manufacturing necessitates reliable, high-torque tools for assembly line work and field servicing. The global focus on infrastructure development, including significant investments in construction and renewable energy projects, creates additional demand for industrial-grade tools. For instance, the expansion of wind farms requires specialized maintenance tools for turbine assembly, a niche where pneumatic tools excel due to their power-to-weight ratio. The consistent capital expenditure in industrial sectors ensures a continuous replacement and upgrade cycle for professional tooling, supporting market growth.

Advancements in Tool Ergonomics and Performance to Stimulate Upgrades

Technological innovation from leading manufacturers acts as a significant market catalyst. Recent developments focus on enhancing user experience and productivity, which drives the replacement of older tools. Modern pneumatic ratchet wrenches now feature improved ergonomics with contoured handles to reduce operator fatigue, lower noise and vibration levels for compliance with workplace health regulations, and higher torque output in more compact designs. The integration of composite materials reduces weight without sacrificing durability. Additionally, the development of models with precise torque control and quick-release mechanisms improves accuracy and speed in critical assembly applications. These advancements not only attract new buyers but also encourage professional users to upgrade their existing toolkits, creating a cycle of demand within the professional user base. The introduction of more efficient and durable models justifies investment for businesses focused on improving workshop throughput.

MARKET RESTRAINTS

Intense Competition from Cordless Electric Tools to Limit Growth Potential

The most significant restraint facing the pneumatic ratchet wrench market is the rapid advancement and adoption of cordless electric tools. Battery technology has seen dramatic improvements, with lithium-ion platforms now offering higher power density, longer runtimes, and faster charging. Modern cordless ratchets provide comparable torque and convenience without the need for a bulky air compressor and hose, offering greater mobility and setup flexibility. This is particularly attractive for mobile mechanics, fieldwork, and shops looking to reduce infrastructure costs. While pneumatic tools traditionally offered a superior power-to-cost ratio for high-cycle industrial use, the gap is narrowing. The cordless tool segment is growing at a significantly faster rate, capturing share in applications where pneumatic tools were once dominant, thereby constraining the growth trajectory of the pneumatic segment.

High Initial Infrastructure Cost and Maintenance to Deter Small-Scale Adoption

The requirement for supporting infrastructure presents a notable barrier to entry, especially for smaller workshops and individual professionals. A functional pneumatic tool system necessitates not just the wrench itself, but a significant investment in an industrial-grade air compressor, air dryers, filters, regulators, and hose reels. The combined cost of this infrastructure can be prohibitive, often running into thousands of dollars for a reliable setup. Furthermore, pneumatic systems require regular maintenance to prevent performance issues; compressors need servicing, filters must be changed, and lines must be kept free of moisture to prevent tool corrosion and failure. This ongoing maintenance demands both time and money. For operations with intermittent or low-volume use, the total cost of ownership for a pneumatic system is often less justifiable compared to a simple plug-in or cordless electric alternative, limiting market penetration in certain segments.

Environmental and Regulatory Pressures on Manufacturing and Operation

Environmental considerations and evolving regulations pose a long-term restraint. The manufacturing of pneumatic tools involves energy-intensive processes and materials. Additionally, air compressors are inherently less energy-efficient than direct electric drives, as a significant portion of the input energy is lost as heat during compression. In regions with stringent energy efficiency standards or carbon emission targets, this can be a disadvantage. Noise pollution is another concern; despite improvements, pneumatic tools generally operate at higher decibel levels than their electric counterparts, leading to potential regulatory hurdles in noise-controlled environments or requirements for additional personal protective equipment (PPE). While not an immediate threat, these factors contribute to a gradual shift in preference towards quieter, more energy-dense electric solutions in environmentally conscious markets and industries.

MARKET CHALLENGES

Price Sensitivity and Volatility in Raw Material Costs to Squeeze Margins

The market is highly competitive and price-sensitive, particularly in the economy and mid-range segments. Manufacturers face continuous pressure to maintain competitive pricing while dealing with volatile costs for key raw materials such as steel, aluminum, and specialized alloys used in gears and housings. Fluctuations in global commodity prices, often influenced by trade policies and supply chain disruptions, can directly impact production costs and profit margins. This challenge is compounded by the presence of numerous regional and low-cost manufacturers, especially in Asia, which can often undercut prices of established global brands. Consequently, leading companies must navigate a delicate balance between cost management, quality assurance, and pricing strategies to retain market share without eroding profitability, a persistent challenge in a mature tool market.

Other Challenges

Supply Chain Complexity and Geopolitical Risks

The globalized nature of manufacturing presents significant logistical challenges. The production of pneumatic ratchet wrenches relies on a complex network of suppliers for components like motors, rotors, seals, and fasteners. Disruptions in this network, whether from geopolitical tensions, trade restrictions, or regional lockdowns, can lead to production delays, inventory shortages, and increased logistics costs. For instance, securing a consistent supply of high-grade bearing steel or precision-machined components can become problematic, affecting the ability to meet demand spikes. Manufacturers must invest in supply chain resilience, including dual sourcing and strategic inventory buffers, which adds to operational complexity and cost.

Counterfeit Products and Brand Erosion

The proliferation of counterfeit and low-quality imitation tools is a persistent issue that challenges legitimate manufacturers. These products, often sold through online marketplaces at deeply discounted prices, fail to meet safety and performance standards, leading to potential user injury and damage to the reputation of the tool category as a whole. While they may not compete in professional channels, they capture a portion of the DIY and budget-conscious professional market, eroding sales for genuine brands. Combating this requires continuous investment in brand protection, consumer education, and cooperation with regulatory authorities, diverting resources from innovation and core business development.

MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

Expansion in Emerging Economies with Growing Industrial Bases to Unlock New Demand

Emerging economies in Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and parts of Africa present substantial growth opportunities. As these regions experience rapid industrialization, urbanization, and growth in automotive ownership, the corresponding need for professional repair services and manufacturing capabilities expands. The establishment of new automotive plants, assembly lines, and service networks creates a greenfield demand for industrial tools. Furthermore, government initiatives aimed at developing domestic manufacturing and improving infrastructure directly fuel demand for construction and MRO tools. While the initial preference in these markets may be for lower-cost tools, there is a clear trajectory towards premiumization as service quality standards rise and professional workshops seek more durable and reliable equipment. This provides a long-term growth avenue for manufacturers who can tailor their product and distribution strategies to these dynamic markets.

Product Specialization and Niche Application Development to Create Value Segments

Opportunities exist in moving beyond standard offerings to develop specialized tools for niche applications. This includes designing ratchet wrenches with unique drive sizes, extended anvil lengths, or ultra-low profile heads for specific industries like aviation, where access is extremely limited. The development of anti-corrosion or explosion-proof models for use in harsh environments such as offshore platforms, chemical plants, or mining operations represents another high-value segment. Similarly, tools designed for the assembly of electric vehicles (EVs), which may have different fastener types and assembly requirements, present a forward-looking opportunity. By focusing on specialization, manufacturers can command higher price points, improve customer loyalty, and reduce direct competition with generic products, effectively creating blue ocean markets within the broader tool industry.

Strategic Focus on E-commerce and Digital Tool Management Solutions

The continued shift towards B2B and B2C e-commerce for industrial supplies is a significant opportunity. Establishing a strong online presence, with detailed product information, application videos, and seamless purchasing channels, allows manufacturers to reach a wider audience of professional buyers and smaller workshops that traditionally purchased through local distributors. Furthermore, integrating tools into the broader trend of Industry 4.0 presents an innovative avenue. While more applicable to electric tools, concepts like tool tracking, usage analytics, and predictive maintenance scheduling could be adapted for high-value pneumatic tools in fleet management scenarios for large industrial clients. Offering digital solutions that help businesses manage their tool inventory, schedule maintenance, and track utilization adds a service layer that enhances customer stickiness and opens new revenue streams beyond mere hardware sales.

Segment Analysis:

By Type

3/8-Inch Segment Dominates the Market Due to its Versatility and Widespread Use in General Automotive Repair

The market is segmented based on drive size into:

• 3/8-Inch

  • The most common and versatile size, balancing power and access for a wide range of tasks.

• 1/2-Inch

  • Used for heavier-duty applications requiring higher torque, such as truck and agricultural equipment repair.

• 1/4-Inch

  • Designed for light-duty work and accessing very confined spaces in electronics or small engine compartments.

• Others

  • Includes less common sizes like 3/4-inch for industrial applications and specialized models with extended heads or swivel mechanisms.

By Application

Automotive Repair and Maintenance Segment Leads Due to High Tool Utilization in Workshops and Garages

The market is segmented based on primary application into:

• Automotive Repair and Maintenance

• Industrial Manufacturing and Assembly

• Aerospace and Defense Maintenance

• Construction and Heavy Equipment

• Others (including agricultural equipment repair and DIY)

By End-User

Professional/Commercial End-Users Drive Market Demand Through High-Volume, High-Frequency Usage

The market is segmented based on the nature of the end-user into:

• Professional/Commercial (Workshops, OEMs, Fleet Operators)

• Industrial (Manufacturing Plants, Assembly Lines)

• DIY/Home Users

By Sales Channel

Offline Sales Channel Holds a Significant Share, Facilitated by the Need for Hands-On Evaluation and Immediate Availability

The market is segmented based on the distribution channel into:

• Offline Sales (Industrial Distributors, Specialty Tool Stores, Automotive Parts Retailers)

• Online Sales (E-commerce Platforms, Manufacturer Websites)

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

Key Industry Players

Established Brands and Aggressive New Entrants Drive Market Evolution

The competitive landscape of the global pneumatic ratchet wrench market is fragmented and highly competitive, characterized by the presence of long-established industrial tool giants, specialized pneumatic equipment manufacturers, and a growing number of value-focused regional players. This dynamic creates a market where competition is driven by product durability, ergonomic design, power-to-weight ratio, and aftersales service networks. While the global top five players held a significant collective revenue share in 2025, estimated to be over 40%, no single company dominates the market outright. Instead, leadership is often segmented by region and application, with certain brands holding strong loyalty in professional automotive repair shops, while others are preferred in industrial maintenance or agricultural sectors.

Ingersoll Rand and Chicago Pneumatic are consistently recognized as leading players, primarily due to their heritage in industrial air tools, extensive global distribution, and reputation for professional-grade, durable products. Their growth is anchored in long-term relationships with large-scale industrial and automotive service clients. Similarly, DeWALT, as part of Stanley Black & Decker, leverages its powerful brand in the professional power tool segment to gain significant traction in pneumatic tools, supported by massive retail and distribution channels.

Meanwhile, companies like Jet Tools, Astro Pneumatic, and AIRCAT have carved out substantial market share by focusing on the sweet spot between performance and value. They cater extensively to the professional mechanic and serious DIY enthusiast markets, often introducing feature-rich tools at competitive price points. Their growth is frequently attributed to aggressive online marketing, strategic partnerships with automotive parts retailers, and a keen focus on user feedback for product innovation.

Furthermore, the competitive intensity is heightened by strong Asian manufacturers such as SUMAKE, Fuji, Rongpeng Air Tools, and HANSTOOLS. These companies compete effectively on a global scale by offering cost-competitive products, often targeting the budget-conscious professional and emerging markets. Their strategy frequently involves expanding production capacity and enhancing product quality to move up the value chain, thereby putting pricing pressure on established Western brands. The overall market trend sees all players, regardless of size, investing in ergonomic improvements, noise reduction technologies, and enhanced durability features to differentiate their offerings and capture greater market share in a crowded field.

List of Key Pneumatic Ratchet Wrench Companies Profiled

• Ingersoll Rand (U.S.)

• Chicago Pneumatic (U.S.)

• DeWALT (U.S.)

• Jet Tools (U.S.)

• SUMAKE (Taiwan)

• Fuji (Japan)

• STAHLWERK (Germany)

• AIRCAT (U.S.)

• Craftsman (U.S.)

• Astro Pneumatic (U.S.)

• Rongpeng Air Tools (China)

• HANSTOOLS (China)

PNEUMATIC RATCHET WRENCH MARKET TRENDS

Advancements in Ergonomic and Lightweight Design to Emerge as a Trend in the Market

Advancements in ergonomic and lightweight design are revolutionizing the pneumatic ratchet wrench segment, significantly increasing its adoption across professional and industrial settings. The primary driver is the growing emphasis on operator safety and productivity, where reducing user fatigue directly translates to higher output and fewer workplace injuries. Manufacturers are increasingly utilizing advanced composite materials, such as carbon fiber-reinforced polymers and high-strength, lightweight alloys, to shave ounces off traditional steel bodies without compromising torque or durability. For instance, recent product launches highlight models that are over 15% lighter than their predecessors from just five years ago. Furthermore, the integration of anti-vibration technology and contoured, rubberized grips has become a standard expectation in premium tools, addressing the long-term health concerns associated with prolonged use of power tools. This trend is particularly pronounced in the automotive aftermarket and heavy-duty manufacturing sectors, where technicians may use these tools continuously for hours. The push for ergonomics is not merely a comfort feature but a critical productivity enhancer, because a less fatigued worker can maintain precision and speed, reducing overall service and assembly times.

Other Trends

Growth of E-commerce and Digital Tool Management

The rapid growth of B2B and B2C e-commerce channels is fundamentally reshaping the distribution and procurement landscape for pneumatic tools, including ratchet wrenches. While traditional offline sales through specialized distributors and tool trucks remain vital, particularly for immediate needs and professional advice, online sales are capturing an increasing market share. This shift is driven by competitive pricing, vast product selection, and detailed comparative information available to buyers. For professional workshops and fleet maintenance operations, this is coupled with the rise of digital tool management systems. These systems utilize RFID or Bluetooth tagging on tools to track usage, monitor calibration schedules, and manage inventory, preventing loss and optimizing tool utilization rates. The convenience of online procurement, often with next-day delivery for critical items, supports just-in-time inventory practices for many businesses. However, this trend also intensifies price competition and places greater importance on digital marketing and robust online customer support for manufacturers.

Expansion in Automotive Electrification and Lightweight Vehicle Manufacturing

The global expansion in automotive electrification and lightweight vehicle manufacturing is driving nuanced demand for specialized pneumatic ratchet wrenches. While the long-term trend toward electric vehicles (EVs) may reduce certain traditional engine repair tasks, it simultaneously creates new assembly and maintenance requirements. EV manufacturing involves the precise assembly of battery packs, electric motors, and lightweight chassis components, often in confined spaces that demand compact, high-torque tools. The 3/8-inch drive segment is particularly well-suited for these applications and is anticipated to see sustained growth. Furthermore, the widespread use of aluminum, carbon fiber, and high-strength steel in both EVs and conventional vehicles to reduce weight necessitates tools that can apply consistent, controlled torque to prevent damage to sensitive materials and fasteners. This has led to increased integration of precise torque control features and the use of non-marring sockets, which are often used in conjunction with ratchet wrenches. Consequently, the market is evolving beyond basic disassembly tools to include more sophisticated, application-specific solutions that support modern manufacturing and repair paradigms.

Regional Analysis: Pneumatic Ratchet Wrench Market

North America

The North American market, led by the United States, is characterized by a mature and highly professional user base primarily in the automotive aftermarket, industrial maintenance, and manufacturing sectors. The region's demand is driven by a strong culture of DIY automotive repair and a vast network of professional service centers. While the market is well-established, growth is sustained by the continuous need for efficient, high-torque tools in assembly lines and repair shops to improve productivity. The presence of major global players like Ingersoll Rand, DeWalt, and Craftsman ensures a competitive landscape focused on innovation in ergonomics, durability, and noise reduction. A key trend is the gradual integration of smart tool features and a focus on lightweight, composite materials to reduce operator fatigue. However, the market faces pressure from the growing adoption of high-torque electric cordless ratchets in certain applications, though pneumatic tools retain dominance in high-cycle, continuous-use industrial environments due to their power-to-weight ratio and durability. Regulatory standards focusing on workplace safety and noise emissions also influence product development and procurement in this region.

Europe

Europe presents a sophisticated market for pneumatic ratchet wrenches, with demand anchored in its advanced automotive manufacturing sector, particularly in Germany, France, and Italy. The region's stringent regulations on worker safety, ergonomics, and noise pollution (governed by EU directives) compel manufacturers to produce high-quality, low-vibration, and efficient tools. This regulatory environment acts as both a barrier to entry for low-cost imports and a driver for innovation among established brands like Chicago Pneumatic and STAHLWERK. The market is segmented between premium, high-performance tools for OEM production lines and reliable, cost-effective options for the widespread network of independent repair garages. A significant trend is the emphasis on energy efficiency within compressed air systems, pushing the development of ratchets that deliver maximum torque with minimal air consumption. Furthermore, the robust industrial base in machinery and aerospace manufacturing provides steady, specialized demand. While growth is steady rather than explosive, the replacement market is substantial, driven by the need for reliable tools that minimize downtime in high-value industrial operations.

Asia-Pacific

Asia-Pacific is the largest and fastest-growing market for pneumatic ratchet wrenches globally, dominated by China's massive manufacturing ecosystem. The region is the world's primary production hub for automobiles, consumer electronics, and machinery, creating immense demand for industrial-grade pneumatic tools on assembly lines. China, followed by Japan, South Korea, and India, accounts for the highest volume consumption. The market is highly price-sensitive, with a vast landscape of domestic manufacturers like SUMAKE, Fuji, and Rongpeng Air Tools competing fiercely on cost. This has led to a dual market structure: a high-volume, low-to-mid tier segment serving cost-conscious workshops and small manufacturers, and a growing premium segment where international brands compete on quality and technical support for critical applications. The rapid expansion of automotive production and aftermarket services in India and Southeast Asia is a primary growth engine. However, challenges include intellectual property concerns and varying quality standards. The trend is shifting from purely cost-driven purchases to a growing appreciation for tool reliability and longevity as operational efficiency becomes a greater priority for expanding manufacturers.

South America

The South American market for pneumatic ratchet wrenches is developing, with growth closely tied to the region's economic cycles and industrial activity, particularly in Brazil and Argentina. Demand stems mainly from the automotive repair sector, mining operations, and agricultural equipment maintenance. The market is characterized by a strong preference for durable, value-for-money tools that can withstand tough working conditions. Economic volatility and currency fluctuations often constrain capital expenditure for professional workshops and small industries, making them highly sensitive to price. This leads to a significant presence of imported, cost-competitive products from Asia, alongside established brands that compete on reputation for durability. Infrastructure development projects and investments in natural resource extraction present intermittent opportunities for tool suppliers. However, the lack of stringent, enforced regulations on tool standards and workplace safety means the market is less driven by technological innovation compared to North America or Europe. Growth is organic and tied to broader industrial recovery, with potential in the replacement market as older tool fleets are upgraded.

Middle East & Africa

This region represents an emerging market with niche, high-potential segments. Demand is concentrated in sectors like oil & gas exploration, petrochemical plant maintenance, heavy equipment repair, and burgeoning automotive service centers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations, Turkey, and South Africa. The extreme environmental conditions in the Middle East place a premium on tool durability and performance under stress. In the GCC, significant investments in infrastructure, aviation, and industrial diversification (like Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030) are creating new demand for professional-grade tools. However, the market is fragmented and growth is uneven. High-value projects often source tools from international suppliers, while the broader aftermarket is served by a mix of mid-tier imports. Challenges include limited local manufacturing, reliance on imports, and in some areas, a lack of widespread, standardized technical training for tool maintenance. The long-term potential is tied to urbanization and industrial development, but the market's evolution will be gradual, focusing on key economic hubs before trickling into broader regional consumption.

Pneumatic Ratchet Wrench Market Research Report

Report Scope

This market research report offers a holistic overview of global and regional markets for the forecast period 2025–2032. It presents accurate and actionable insights based on a blend of primary and secondary research.

Key Coverage Areas:

• ✅ Market Overview

  • Global and regional market size (historical & forecast)

  • Growth trends and value/volume projections

• ✅ Segmentation Analysis

  • By product type or category

  • By application or usage area

  • By end-user industry

  • By distribution channel (if applicable)

• ✅ Regional Insights

  • North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa

  • Country-level data for key markets

• ✅ Competitive Landscape

  • Company profiles and market share analysis

  • Key strategies: M&A, partnerships, expansions

  • Product portfolio and pricing strategies

• ✅ Technology & Innovation

  • Emerging technologies and R&D trends

  • Automation, digitalization, sustainability initiatives

  • Impact of AI, IoT, or other disruptors (where applicable)

• ✅ Market Dynamics

  • Key drivers supporting market growth

  • Restraints and potential risk factors

  • Supply chain trends and challenges

• ✅ Opportunities & Recommendations

  • High-growth segments

  • Investment hotspots

  • Strategic suggestions for stakeholders

• ✅ Stakeholder Insights

  • Target audience includes manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, investors, regulators, and policymakers

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS:

What is the current market size of the Global Pneumatic Ratchet Wrench Market?

-> The global pneumatic ratchet wrench market was valued at an estimated USD 1.2 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 1.7 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 4.5% during the forecast period.

Which key companies operate in the Global Pneumatic Ratchet Wrench Market?

-> Key players include Ingersoll Rand, Chicago Pneumatic, DeWALT (Stanley Black & Decker), Jet Tools, SUMAKE, Fuji, Astro Pneumatic, Craftsman, AIRCAT, and STAHLWERK. The top five players collectively held a significant market share of over 45% in 2024.

What are the key growth drivers?

-> Key growth drivers include robust expansion in automotive aftermarket services, increasing industrial automation, and rising investments in infrastructure and heavy machinery maintenance. The demand for efficient, time-saving tools in assembly and repair operations is a primary catalyst.

Which region dominates the market?

-> North America is the largest regional market, accounting for over 35% of global revenue in 2024, driven by a mature automotive sector and high industrial tool adoption. Asia-Pacific is the fastest-growing region, with a projected CAGR exceeding 6%, fueled by manufacturing growth in China and India.

What are the emerging trends?

-> Emerging trends include the development of ergonomic, lightweight composite designs, integration of quick-release mechanisms, and a focus on noise reduction and vibration control. The shift towards cordless pneumatic hybrids and enhanced durability for heavy-duty applications is also gaining traction.